{"id":137,"date":"2010-02-24T10:25:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-24T10:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/?p=137"},"modified":"2010-02-24T10:25:00","modified_gmt":"2010-02-24T10:25:00","slug":"skewering-the-adverb-deconstructing-my-text","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/?p=137","title":{"rendered":"Skewering the Adverb &#8212; Deconstructing My Text"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It seems that many of the writers who provided the Guardian&#8217;s Top Tens share the hatred of the poor old descriptive adverb that is also drilled into students on creative writing classes. (Looking at my Oxford A-Z of grammar I was surprised to see that many of the functional pieces of English Language are classified in the adverb family &#8212; such as conjuncts, disjuncts, places and times. I don&#8217;t think even Elmore Leonard could do without those.)<\/p>\n<p>I agree it&#8217;s often the refuge of writers who are trying too hard or are perhaps writing too quickly to think of a better verb (e.g. &#8216;walked quickly&#8217; rather than &#8216;rushed&#8217; or &#8216;dashed&#8217; or &#8216;ran&#8217; or &#8216;skipped&#8217; or various other phrases). However, they have been around in the English Language since before Shakespeare (who wasn&#8217;t afraid of throwing a few adverbs into his own works himself). I guess it&#8217;s because many adverbs are quite lazy modifications of other types of word that they tend to jar but I don&#8217;t think a writer can really banish all instances of words like &#8216;quietly&#8217;, &#8216;deeply&#8217; or &#8216;vainly&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>I started to get curious, and not a little paranoid, about how many adverbs I used myself so I took the 2,572 words of my reading for Saturday&#8217;s tutorial and crunched them into a word frequency counter on the Internet. It wasn&#8217;t a particularly sophisticated one as it couldn&#8217;t deal with apostrophes so there were a few peculiar words like &#8216;t or &#8216;d which inflated the word count artificially.<\/p>\n<p>Having identified the frequency with which I used certain words (always useful to see if I&#8217;m overusing something). I then pasted the output into an Excel spreadsheet and spent a very boring 45 minutes coding each of the 984 different words I&#8217;d used into noun (including proper noun), verb, adjective, adverb and other (the vast collection of articles, pronouns, conjunctions and so on &#8212; the &#8216;a&#8217;, &#8216;the&#8217;, &#8216;there&#8217;, &#8216;now&#8217;, &#8216;then&#8217;, &#8216;next&#8217; and many others). There was some arbitrary classification of homographs (words that are the same but have different meanings) and more than a few mistakes along the way but the general results are probably fairly accurate.<\/p>\n<p>The results were:<\/p>\n<p>Nouns: 578 (including 350 different words)<\/p>\n<p>Verbs: 519 (303)<\/p>\n<p>Adjectives: 242 (184)<\/p>\n<p>Adverbs: 13 (13)<\/p>\n<p>Other: 1316 (134)<\/p>\n<p>See the pie chart for percentages:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-138\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Word-Breakdown-Chart.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-138\" title=\"Word-Breakdown-Chart\" src=\"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Word-Breakdown-Chart-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"Lexical Analysis of Extract\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Word-Breakdown-Chart-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Word-Breakdown-Chart.jpg 493w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lexical Analysis of Extract<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What&#8217;s quite remarkable is that my use of adjectives is almost 20 times my use of adverbs. I only use 13 adverbs &#8212; which is 0.5% of the word total. None of the adverbs is used more than once. (This is according to my classification of adverb &#8212; it could be argued there are a few adjective in there which are used in the manner of adverbs). So, in this piece at least, I&#8217;ve pared down their use quite a bit though, no doubt, I&#8217;ll still be picked up (probably rightly) for having used an adverb where a verb might have done better.<\/p>\n<p>Now I&#8217;ve realised I&#8217;m not a massive over-user of adverbs, I&#8217;m now alarmed at my huge use of adjectives. Is this normal? I&#8217;ve got a ratio of over two adjectives for every five nouns. However, 146 out of the 184 adjectives are used only once &#8212; so that&#8217;s not too repetitious &#8212; but the total sounds like rather a lot to me. I&#8217;m also curious at the ratio of nouns to verbs &#8212; I&#8217;m almost at a 1:1 ratio. I suppose that&#8217;s understandable when you consider that I classified the likes of &#8216;is&#8217;, &#8216;are&#8217; and &#8216;was&#8217; as verbs (which they are but they don&#8217;t seem very writerly words).<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m also rather ashamed that almost half the words are &#8216;other&#8217; &#8212; the bits of plumbing that connect the more interesting material together. Does that mean I&#8217;ve got a really waffly style &#8212; full of &#8216;as&#8217;, &#8216;into&#8217;, &#8216;the&#8217;, &#8216;on&#8217;, &#8216;with&#8217; and so on. These are the types of words that are ruthlessly pruned out of poetry &#8212; and one modest claim to fame I have is that I&#8217;m a published poet. Time for a breakdown?<\/p>\n<p>Of course, this is all not much use unless I compare it with something else. Perhaps if I go back a few years and pick some less experienced writing that I&#8217;ve done I could compare it or maybe I can find some text file of a great novel by a famous writer (in a similar style) and crunch that to compare.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ll attach the pdf file of the whole word breakdown here. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/02\/Word-Breakdown-The-Accounts-Summary-220210.pdf\">Word Breakdown &#8212; The Accounts Summary 220210<\/a> I&#8217;d be interested to know if anyone would like to take the words and assemble them into something completely different.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It seems that many of the writers who provided the Guardian&#8217;s Top Tens share the hatred of the poor old descriptive adverb that is also drilled into students on creative writing classes. (Looking at my Oxford A-Z of grammar I was surprised to see that many of the functional pieces of English Language are classified &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/?p=137\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Skewering the Adverb &#8212; Deconstructing My Text&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[126,28,127,128,129,124],"class_list":["post-137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-writing-process","tag-adverbs","tag-feedback","tag-language","tag-lexical-analysis","tag-paranoia","tag-top-ten-tips-for-writers"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":140,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions\/140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.macnovel.org.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}